Anthrax Article Summary essays

Anthrax Article Summary essays Anthrax is a spore forming bacterium that comes from the Greek word for coal. It got the name because of the rashes and legions that look like coal dust. Most people get anthrax from infected animals. Anthrax has been around since biblical times and has been responsible for the fifth plague or cattle disease and the sixth plague, which would be known now as boils. Anthrax is found in domestic animals like deer, buffalo, elk, and wildebeest and so on, there have been incidents with anthrax in 82 countries. Not many have happened in the states, but the latest concerning animals was in North Dakota in 2000 in which 5 cows were infected. But in dirty countries anthrax is a household name, in fact, in 1945, one million sheep died in Iran. The hotspots for anthrax are South and Central America, Eastern and Southern Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean. Most of the time, meat-eating animals are the hosts for anthrax. The endospores in anthrax are heat resistant, as well as resistant to drought, radiation, chemicals, disaffection, and time. In fact a jar of 50-year-old anthrax spores can still produce live bacteria. Anthrax is usually spread through the soil. Most amphibians, reptiles, and fish are naturally resistant to the symptoms of anthrax but they may still act as carriers, also, you can get anthrax by insects that bite you. If you are a human, which you should be, it will take approximately 8000 to 10000 spores to infect you, but its a pretty big number compared to the 10 bacteria it will take you to get the plague. Anthrax bacteria have a generation time of merely 15-20 minutes. That allows for very rapid spreading of the bacteria. If you do get anthrax you will start to see symptoms between 1 and 7 days. But most often it will happen before 48 hours have passed. Most often, anthrax is contracted through the surfaces of the head, forearms ...

Few vs. Several

Few vs. Several Few vs. Several Few vs. Several By Maeve Maddox Reader Norma H. Flaskerud wonders about few and several. She thinks a few refers to maybe 2-3 items while several refers to maybe 3-6. Her husband says a few is 4-7 items. Few is the opposite of many. It derives from words having the meaning of small and little. It is related to Latin paucus (little, few) and even puer (child/boy). Old English feawe/fea derives from a Germanic root meaning little. The number implied in the word few is more than two, Beyond that, trying to specify how many more is fruitless. I expect the New Testament writer was anticipating more than 2-7 converts when writing: Many are called, but few are chosen. In 1940 Winston Churchill was referring to the pilots of the Royal Air Force when he wrote: Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few. The Few became a name for this group of fliers: 2,353 British subjects and 574 volunteers from overseas. Several comes from a word meaning existing apart. Before it came to mean more than one (about 1530), it was used with the meanings separate, various, diverse, different. In legal use several preserves the meaning of separate. In the following example it is used to show that liability is enforceable separately against each party the contractual liability of each company to insured is several and not joint In keeping with its original meaning, several may be used to separate one group from another: A large crowd of soldiers gathered to protest the law. Several were women. The word several, usually an adjective or pronoun, has also been used as a verb. A farmer or community would several a large expanse of land into smaller parcels. It would seem that few and several can imply any number you want them to. By the way, in checking the Churchill quotation, I re-read the speech in which it appears. Its worth the time of any writer who is looking for models of beautifully-written English prose. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowHow to spell "in lieu of"Word Count and Book Length

Personal Statment Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Statment - Personal Statement Example This served as the turning point of my career path. After finishing my military services, I started working at Paldo advertisement firm with a view to learn fundamental company systems and organization. During my off-work hours, I did home trading in the stock market, and I rapidly became attracted to the stock market. This was primarily because the stock market showed me how people think, move and how the economy performs on a daily basis. The stock market has an intricate relationship with the sale of products and services, and this further appealed to me and sparked my interest (Arco 56). However, I encountered immense difficulties in chart reading exercises, which pushed me to study it in the US. My greatest strength lies in my ability to decipher information on the stock market reports, as well as think rationally in light of such information. I am also pleased with my academic achievements, as well as my professional work experiences. Between May and December 2006, I attended Samyook University in Seoul, South Korea where I studied leisure sports and physical education. This education proved worthwhile during my stint at the military. I served in the military service as an ai r force between January of 2007 and March 2009. During this time, I worked under the specialty Military Police and VIP escort security where I served dignitaries such as the Korean president, former US president George W. Bush and prime ministers from many countries. After completing my military services, I joined Paldo advertising firm where I obtained immense experience in business operations and behavior. My interest in business grew while working at Paldo advertising. In order to enhance by business understanding, I decided to travel to the US for further studies. Therefore, between March 2010 and November 2010, I studied English through the English as a

Technology in Air Pollution Reduction Research Paper

Technology in Air Pollution Reduction - Research Paper Example The paper "Technology in Air Pollution Reduction" discovers Technology in Air Pollution Reduction. Particulate matter can also be removed using an Electrostatic Air Cleaner (or Electrostatic Precipitator). An Electrostatic Air Cleaner is used in industries such as pulp mills, oil & fired utilities and oil refineries. Putantunda suggests that this air pollution control method uses the energy generated by an induced electrostatic charge, to collect particulates from any flowing gas. The filtration devices are efficient and effective in trapping particles, like dust and smoke, from a stream of gas. The mechanism of Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) involves: gas ionization, electric charging of the gas particles, transportation of the particles to the collection surface of the ESP neutralization of the charge of the gas particles and removal of dust particles from the collecting surface. The ESP is advantageous because it is can be modified during manufacture so that it has a near perf ect efficiency of collecting particulates. The electrostatic precipitator can also work automatically when fitted with control devices. An important consideration when determining whether to engage in technology is cost. The ESP has a very low maintenance cost demands. However, the capital required to apply this technology is substantial. This technology is only restricted to trapping particulates only. It is impossible to trap air pollutants like the sulfur oxides using ESP. Sulfur oxide (SO2) is removed.... The incoming exhaust gas is sprayed with limestone generating carbon dioxide and solid calcium sulfate (Kumar, n.d.). The lime scrubber method is also used to remove sulfur oxide where lime instead of limestone is used instead. The scrubbing liquid is usually water. The particulate collection process can be follows four steps: transportation of the particles, collision of the particles with water droplets due to surface tension and the removal of water droplets from the particles. Wet scrubber technique is useful in trapping air pollutants in the form of solids and gases. It is however expensive to maintain because it easily corrodes. Another demerit of using this technology is that, it has a waste system consisting of the scrubbing liquid laden with the pollutants. After it has been used, this liquid poses a danger of water pollution if not properly disposed. Compared to the ESP technology, the wet scrubber uses more energy in terms of electricity. This is because energy is used in the flowing scrubbing liquid that traps air pollutants. However, for the ESP, the only energy applied is for the particulates being collected. Catalytic converters The Advanced Clean Air Technologies (ACAT) unveiled an advanced catalytic converter that can reduce emissions drastically; testing parameters depict a high efficiency in reducing of particulate matter released to the atmosphere and a subsequent air pollution reduction. Catalytic converters involve unsophisticated technology for the appropriate tuning of vehicle engines to control vehicle emissions. For catalytic converters to function properly, they require platinum and palladium catalysts which are attached to a ceramic material. This technology is very effective in controlling car emission as it provides a high

Literature Review - Organisational Change Essay Example for Free

Literature Review Organisational Change Essay Team report you are to list 6 issues facing CanGo that you gleaned from the week 1 and 2 videos. They should be prioritized in order of importance. They should be numbered. The team must then come up with an actionable recommendation for each of the issues found. These should also be numbered. 1. CanGo does not have a a concise vision or mission statement that defines who they are as a company. Solution: CanGo needs to find out what market they want to be in and also figure out what market they want to be in, and where they see themselves going as a company and what values they have. . CanGo did not approach the strategic planning correctly for the online gaming. They discussed going into a new market with no prior knowledge of how the market operates. They also do not have the proper staff to begin the new business venture. Solution: I think that CanGo should do more research for the online gaming market. I also think that if they decide to go in this new direction that they should outsource some of the work and train some of the people they have on hand to help save costs. Liz needs to sit down and complete all of he steps in the strategic management process, including: SWOT analysis, mission statement, long term goals, implementation, strategic choice, evaluation, revision, and vision statement. Conducting a firm financial analysis of the overall project can prevent and reduce higher costs. Setting short-term and long-term goals will give the team a better outlook on the launch of the online gaming system. 3. Nick’s issue with organization is indicative of a bigger issue; the company does not have a structured approach to scheduling, planning, or reporting progress. Solution: CanGo lacks organization. There should be a better system for filing information, and a clear understanding of what each individual’s responsibilities within the company are. This way they would have a better understanding of which staff members are capable to complete which jobs, and those which be able able to with more training. This way tasks will not be inappropriately assigned. Set up a training session or a number of sessions as needed to bring everyone up to speed as far as what is expected for status reporting, prioritizing, scheduling tasks, and de-conflicting schedules. . Nick and the team members are not organized and they are distracting to each other when they are supposed to be working. Solution: The members should be more considerate in talking about some other topics. They can talk about side topics after work, and not during meetings. The main focus is to help out Nick on how to be successful on their new venture. Nick needs to be organized and read y to do the job. 5. Nick did not have a proper plan in place for the launch of the gaming system. He also did not step up and ask for help when he needed it. Solution: Nick should have figured at a proper plan for the launch of the online gaming system. A strategic goal plan should have been approved and put in place before Nick and the team were able to start on the project . Nick should have prioritized and been specific about the goals in the planning of the project through the use of the Gantt Chart. This would have allowed him to give a breakdown of all the issues that needed to be addresses such as hardware, software, recommendations, price comparisons, and testing. Nick not only failed to ask for help, but he did not ask any clarifying questions when the project was assigned to him. The instructions he was proved when given the project were vague and incomplete. He should have advised someone if he was incapable of doing the job in the first place, but he also should have sought more information and assistance if he was capable of doing the job. 6. During the planning meeting the manager quickly points out issues and made statements such as, â€Å"we need†, â€Å"we should†. He never gave any specific assignments, no dates or expectations. Solution: Design a structure for meetings such as this. Have the manager come into the meeting with a determined list which everyone can add to and discuss. He should also assign people to specific tasks based on their skills along with an expected completion date to make certain nothing is dropped. Establishing the projected deadline and developing an outline of the tasks to be accomplished over the course of time will help him reach his goals.

Thinking And Decision Making :: Critical Thinking Decision Making

Thinking and Decision Making Paper Introduction Thinking "is an internal mental process that uses information as input, integrates that information into previous learned material and the result may be knowledge or may be nothing". (Goodpastor et al 2007) Creative thinking, logical thinking, and persuasive thinking are three types of thinking. Each of these types of thinking affects the critical thinking process in various ways. Creative Thinking Creative thinking involves creating something new or original. It involves the skills of flexibility, originality, fluency, elaboration, brainstorming, modification, imagery, associative thinking, attribute listing, metaphorical thinking, and forced relationships. The aim of creative thinking is to stimulate curiosity and promote divergence. When an individual learns to expand their way of thinking to incorporate metaphorical ideas, they will spark the creative thinking process. Creative thinking enables us to open our imagination to new ideas. We can all think creatively. In fact, much of our thinking is in some way connected to creativity; constantly there are variations in the processes of our unfolding thoughts. Even when we appear to be thinking in a groove or thinking in circles, if we carefully reflect on the patterns of our thought, we will probably discover that they do not repeat exactly; and even when we are intentionally repeating a pattern, such as memorized lines, the lines do not always march into memory with the regularity of a metronome; often they come haltingly, in pieces, or in tidal waves of changing patterns, even though when we go to speak our thoughts, we might enunciate them smoothly. (Kirby, 2006)

Oscar Flores: A.P US History Essay

The relationship between Indians and English was very controversial. They both had plans to assert their interests but led the English to be victorious. Initially, there was a good relationship between English and Indians but it would be changed drastically. The English brought different thing with them to the new world. They brought with them diseases like plague and smallpox which Indians were not immune to. The English also brought weapons Indians wouldn’t have ever thought about of. They came very well prepared with guns and mechanical weapons while Indians had poor resources, able to only flight with arrows and bows. Being peaceful the Indians wanted no violence to erupt with the English. When the English came to the new world they wanted to dominate as much as they could. The English were trying to take over land from the Indians. They wanted to have more land so they could have more plantations for their tobacco. As time flew by, the English fully established their pres ence in the new world. It was clear that they were here to stay and their impact was still to come. Over time they were creating a new society, and they were pushing away the Indians form their lands. Although Indians may have wanted to do something there wasn’t so much they could actually do. They were being outnumbered they were dying because of diseases and the lack of resources, it would be impossible to stop the English. By the 1600’s, as Indians had moved deeper into the west, laws were being created in the new English society that helped to get better. The Virginia house of burgesses, in 1619, enacted ways to stabilize the foundation of the new world by trying to convert the Indians into Christianity. The English hoped to accomplish this by acquiring native children and hoping to educate them in Christianity. They did this more with young boys to try and brainwashing them in the religion and educate them. This may have worked to gain the English ore support from Indians. Furthermore, as much as Indians were trying to be peaceful many English would turn their back on them. Document b an Englishmen recalls a day in 1622 were Indians were trying to trade with the m in a peaceful way. This shows a technique Indians were trying use to have peace with the English. Thing always turn out bad for the Indians there was brutal wars between the Indians and English. Like the Pequot war of, 1637 which was alliances within in the colonies against alliances within Indian tribes but of course Indians lost because of the English’s military tactics. There were many other wars between these two like the Powhatan war which was three battles but the war ended in peace. As years went by, with all the Indians dying, the English were becoming a bit fond of the Indians. In 1677 a governor that wanted to protect the Indians was the center of riots and infuriated citizens (doc. E). Then the governor sought to trade with the Indians secretly which treated him much better than his own people. In conclusion, although Indians were peaceful people that did not deserve to get what they got from the English, they were taking advantage of and sabotaged. In the 1600’s continuing into the 1700’s, the English- Indian relation may have enhanced slightly, b ut majorities of the time English were cruel to the Indians. The Indians when trying to make peace they were murdered , their home would get destroyed , they would die of diseases, and they were outnumbered in power because of English’s better technology and techniques that took over Indian land. More so, the English were victorious because of technology, they were more organized, and the need they have to take over land. Also they were facing a group of people that didn’t want violence.

School Prayer

Amy Hua English 1A TTh 1:45-3:10 Professor Marvin School Prayer Annie Laurie Gaylor argues against school prayer in her article â€Å"The Case against School Prayer† (Elements of Arguments, 679). When religion is included in daily school routines, it divides students into different beliefs. Public schools are meant to be open for all people to get an education, but not to influence them into a new religion. Requiring students to practice prayer in public schools is a violation of Freedom of Religion.Public schools should not practice prayer because there is a diversity of religions in the United States and the Constitution of the First Amendment. Students in public schools get distracted from judgment of religion, but that is why there are places where schools may freely practice religion, such as private schools. Due to the diversity of religions, along with dissimilar practices, schools should continue their public structure leaving religion entirely out. Public schools educ ate the belief of God, which might (for example) be the religion of Catholicism.High schools, Middle schools, and maybe even Elementary schools that practice a certain religion might offend or hurt other religions. â€Å"When religion has invaded our public school system, it has singled out the lone Jewish student, the class Unitarian or agnostic, the children in the minority† (Gaylor 679-680). The United States has a vast variety of religions that include Buddhist, Christian, Catholic, Hinduism, Islam, etc. There are also those Atheists who do not believe in any God. Each belief practices different events that may contrast.For instance, Christians rejoice to the Lord on Christmas day as a result of the birth of Jesus Christ, whereas, Buddhists pay their respects to the dead. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. (First Amendment, Bill of Rights, U. S. Constitution)† The First Amendment is th e Freedom of Religion, press, and expression. Praying at schools not only excludes the students who do not believe in God, but also disrespects them by not allowing freedom of other religions.Forced into prayer does not verbally influence the student to believe in God, but it still implies that you cannot or should not practice a different religion. Most of the rules in public schools are useful: do not use profanity, attend school, and do your best at anything you set your mind to. No matter what the religion, these rules are useful to everyone and are universal to all countries because each one agrees with them. Teaching students about religion would be equivalent to converting them towards the American Republican Party or Democratic-Republican Party.For schools today, it is dishonest for teachers to promote subject during class period. Instructors cannot force what is not universal because of the different beliefs each religion practices. There will be disagreements among singula r religions because there is not only one type of prayer system. There is a place for religion in schools. Private schools were made to eliminate the government from its system, so they are independent. Although students in public schools should be allowed to have personal prayers, there are also private schools and universities that focus on certain viewpoints on religion.If required, some private schools are given permission to freely practice their own religion. For example, Messiah College and John Brown University concentrate on Bible studies as much as other electives. It is more of an option to attend private schools, like Messiah College, so the student should know what he or she is signing up for. However, public schools are for all students to learn gender education. Therefore, no assumption of religion should be taught as a part of general education.As a child, I was enrolled into private Christian school by my parents. My parents and I were aware of the education I was b eing taught by the teachers and the sharing of general education and Bible studies. In â€Å"The Case against School Prayer†, Gaylor says â€Å"People should be judged by their actions, not by what religion they believe in or how publicly or loudly they pray† (82). Not only do people get distracted from judgment, but also from their studies from far most important subjects.With religion being in the same studies as Math and Science, students are unable to concentrate in studies that will mainly shape their future. Prayer can be harmful in many ways, depending on how much the school interoperates it daily. When I attended a Christian school during Kindergarten through fifth grade, I was required to announce the Pledge of Allegiance. But when my parents decided to take me out of Christian school and enroll me into public school, the Pledge of Allegiance was still mandatory to say.My parents, who converted into Buddhism, were offended that I still had to intentionally wor ship God. Annie Gaylor and, not to mention, Jesus had the same opinion for not allowing public schools to teach religion. â€Å"†¦when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret† (Bible, Matt. 6:5-6). School prayers add conflict to education in many ways. As a result of the vast amount of religions in the United States, there are conflicts caused my disagreements of religion. Japan, where no one prays at school, had the lowest crime rate of any developed nation† (Gaylor, 683). Religion should only be taught in private schools or organizations. The First Amendment was made for Freedom of religion, press, and expression, meaning that everyone has a right to pray, but not for public schools to convert the students into believe a certain religion. I strongly agree on Gaylor’s viewpoints of school prayers because I was felt in the same situation in the past. Public schools should stay open to diffe rent religions.

What Do You Find Interesting About The Work Of Grace Nichols Essay Example

What Do You Find Interesting About The Work Of Grace Nichols Essay Example What Do You Find Interesting About The Work Of Grace Nichols Paper What Do You Find Interesting About The Work Of Grace Nichols Paper Essay Topic: Interesting Grace Nichols was born in Guyana in 1950. She lived there until 1977 when she came to live with her partner, another poet. She writes many poems and anthologies. Her poems are mainly about black people and their sense of culture. She writes about the pride they have to be themselves and not to feel embarrassed about who they are. She has also written poetry about missing her home and about what it feels like to be away. I have chosen to study four poems by Grace Nichols: these are, Beauty, The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping, Like A Beacon and Island Man. These four poems all explore different aspects of cultural diversity. Beauty is about Nichols own views of beauty and not listening to the stereotypical ideas that are impounded into everybodys minds. Nichols doesnt mean beauty in the sense of having a perfect figure and features but beauty in the form of being proud of herself and content with whom she is. This poem is primarily about a fat black woman. Another of these poems is about a fat black woman. The title of this is The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping. Though this poem shows that she is proud of who she is, it also shows a little touch of insecurity within herself. I can tell this through the lines and de pretty face sales gals exchanging slimming glances These lines show that she feels anger towards the girls for having the stereotypical traits of beauty that she was so against in the last poem. It shows how she wants society to change and become less bothered about size. The other two poems are about being away and missing home. Like A Beacon is about Grace Nichols missing her home and the comforts that she used to have there. This poem shows that home is an important aspect of her life. She also seems to take it as an important part of other peoples lives too as the last poem Island Man is about a man from the Caribbean who lives in London: he misses his home and dreams about being there. Even though Nichols has written this poem about others, her sub heading is for a Caribbean island man in London who still wakes up to the sound of the sea. From the sub heading, it could be imagined that she wrote this thinking about herself as well as others. By writing that sub heading, it sounds as if she relates to the island man who features in her poem. It seems as if she wrote the heading to show her readers in that position that she empathises with them. Titles of poems can sometimes say a lot about a poem. Beauty is a short simple title. If the reader had only got as far as the title, it could be presumed that it would be similar in content to the stereotypical views of beauty or about the scenery. When the poem is read fully, it is actually about a fat black woman. It would surprise the reader because the first thought in a persons head is not one of beauty. The poem The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping, has a long but precise title. It tells you exactly what the poem is about. It is very direct and it hides nothing. To say, in the title of a poem The Fat Black Woman shows that Nichols is not ashamed to say, or to be who she is. One could presume that the poem is autobiographical because it changes from third-person text; to first-person text for the line Lord is aggravating. This indicates that she knows personally how this situation feels. For her to describe herself as a fat black woman in a poem, which is likely to be read by many people, takes a strong-minded person who isnt afraid to emphasise the fact that she is who she is. Like A Beacon is not a title which appears to give anything away. The word beacon can be associated with belisha beacons by a zebra crossing but this poem is not about these. In this poem, beacon is meant as a strong, important light. Nichols is implying that her home is the warmth and strength that she loves and is an important part of her life. Shes basically trying to say that her home is the light of her life. Island Man has a short title. It tells the reader very little (that it is about a man from an island) but the sub heading tells the reader a lot more. For an island man who lives in London and still wakes up to the sound of the sea. It explains what the poem is about and what it is trying to say, but it is very long. It is an appropriate sub heading but is too long to be a title. Island Man says what it needs to and the sub heading adds to it perfectly In most of these poems, she uses third person narrative but in one she uses first person and in another she switches between the two. In her poem Beauty, Nichols uses third person narrative. This is an effective form to use because it makes the poem general and open to all fat black women, not just Nichols herself. If it were in first person narrative, the poem may not seem beautiful it would seem quite conceited on Nichols part. In third person, the poem is left completely to the imagination of the reader. I. e. what the fat black woman looks like and how she feels when she is walking the fields or riding the waves. In first person, the reader perhaps knows what she looks like and since she is so bold to say she is beauty, the reader can get an idea what she is feeling too. The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping also uses third person narrative throughout the poem except for one line where it moves to first person. Her use of both techniques is very effective and changes the mood of the poem largely. Though Nichols mainly uses third person it seems obvious that she is writing about her own experiences as she shifts to first person, which suggests that she agrees and somehow sympathises with the character in the poem. Like A Beacon is the only poem in which she uses first person narrative throughout. It is effective as it gives the reader the feeling of understanding her character and her inner thoughts a lot better. The poem talks about how Nichols feels and what she misses from home such as the food that her mother used to cook. If Nichols wrote the poem in third person narrative, it would not have such an impact because it would feel as if she was presuming that this was how people felt and it would not be as effective. Because this poem is about Nichols herself, it leaves the reader thinking or imagining how they would feel if they left home and what they would miss. Island Man also uses third person narrative. This is effective in this poem as it makes the poem seem as if it is a dream. It distances the reader from the person in the poem and makes the whole situation seem further away. If it had been written in first person, it would have made the reader feel closer to the person in the poem and so it would have made it feel less like a dream and more like life. Third person narrative gives you the feeling of distance, which makes the poem more enjoyable to read. Nichols uses many techniques to create the moods that she feels are appropriate for her poems. In her poem Beauty, Nichols wants to create the image of warm, calm settings. This is effective because the poem is based on beauty and warm, calm things are thought of as beautiful. The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping wants to create an angry and miserable mood. Nichols does this by using hard alliteration and pathetic fallacy. She uses winter to create cold images and hard alliteration to create the presence of anger and annoyance. This is effective in the poem because she is aggravated at the fact that the shop is prejudiced against women with clothes sizes over 14, as they dont have any. The poem Like A Beacon is trying to set the mood of the beacon being warmth and the light of her home, the Caribbean, and where she actually is, London, the cold place and not somewhere she would like to be. She talks about the things that she misses about home: in search of plantains Saltfish/sweet potatoes. The alliteration of the s makes those two lines sound very calm and positive. Island Man is trying to create two images: One of a beautiful, tropical place and the other of a dull, grey, cold place. Nichols tries to accomplish this mood using different styles of writing. For example: to make London sound dull, Nichols uses words such as groggily which is related to waking up and still being really tired and miserable. To make the Caribbean sound tropical, Nichols uses words like emerald which is related with beautiful jewellery so it make the island sound calm and a place on a similar level with Heaven. A main theme used in Nichols poetry is Cultural Identity. Nichols is not ashamed of who she is or what her background she has. She makes it very clear that her past is very important to her through her poetry. In her poem Beauty, Nichols states that Beauty is a fat black woman. This contrasts with the western ideal of female beauty i. e. white, thin, tall, and blonde. Nichols directly challenges these stereotypes and strongly asserts black female cultural identity. It is essentially a celebration of the beauty seen in a large, black, curvaceous woman. The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping is very similar to Beauty as it is also about a fat black woman. This poem also adds the fact of prejudice towards fat black women. This shows the divide between cultures. The poem Like A Beacon, uses a different form of cultural identity. It shows the difference between London and the Caribbean through the way Nichols describes what she misses about her home. She talks about the food that she used to eat (plantains, salt fish, sweet potatoes) which are not things that the English (white) culture is used to. Nichols poem Island Man is similar to the cultural identity in her poem Like A Beacon. It also talks about the differences between London and the Caribbean. This poem talks about the beauty and warmth of the Caribbean islands and the beaches there. It also talks about the cold and grey areas of London. It shows that the cultural identity of the island man is the opposite of a person who is from London. Nichols language techniques vary in her poetry depending on what she feels she should use to emphasise points or moods. She uses personification in both her poems Beauty and The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping. In Beauty, she says while the sea turns back to hug her shape. Nichols uses a soft mood to make the woman seem even more beautiful. She does this by saying; that even the sea wants to hug her-though the sea has no feelings. In the poem The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping, Nichols uses it to achieve almost the opposite affect of which it had in Beauty. She uses the lines frozen thin mannequins fixing her with grin to emphasise the fact that the woman in this poem is quite paranoid, being in this shop. She presumes that even the plastic mannequins are laughing at her, though of course, that is not possible. This shows her insecurity about her size, particularly the views of others about it. Nichols uses alliteration in three of the four poems. In The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping, Nichols uses hard alliteration to create a flowing image (bright, billowing, breezy. ). In the poem Like A Beacon, Nichols uses this language technique when describing the food that her mother used to cook. The s in saltfish/sweet potatoes lingers as it is read and it gives the reader the sense of the lingering smells of these foods as they were being cooked and afterwards too. Island Man also uses alliteration. Here, s is also used (sun surfacing) but she uses it to be sharp and snappy as the next word is defiantly and sharp and snappy words or letters seem quite defiant. In some of her poems, Grace Nichols uses particular words to create a mood or image. In Island Man she uses hard words-such as groggily, metallic, surge and crumpled-to create a dull and gloomy image of London. She also uses soft words-for example surf, wombing and emerald-to create a bright, happy image of the Caribbean. In her poem Beauty, she uses many soft word-such as hug, cheek, breezed and drifting-to create the warm beautiful image of the woman in it. Grace Nichols uses many techniques to emphasise points and to make lines stand out. In the poem Beauty, she uses repetition. She repeats the lines Beauty s a fat black woman to emphasise what the poem is about. She uses the structure of the poem to emphasise the same point as she leaves Beauty on its own to show that it is important. In The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping, Nichols uses rhyme, repetition and the structure to make lines stand out. Most of this poem is written in verses but to show how the character in the poem feels, she leaves the line Lord is aggravating on its own. Though that is only one line, i t seems to stand out and the reader reads that first. It makes you think a great deal about the feelings of the subject. Nichols also uses rhyme at the end of this poem. It is the only time that she does this and it is very effective: that when it comes to fashion the choice is lean nothing much beyond a size 14. It really stands out and makes the irritation of the subject much greater. If rhyme had been used throughout the poem, it would not have been so effective. Nichols use of repetition in this poem works very well. The poem is all about a long unproductive day and repetition exaggerates that. She repeats the word journeying twice and it gives a real sense of boredom and tiredness. In her poem Like A Beacon, Nichols also uses the structure to emphasise a main point. She wants to make it clear about how she feels. She has written I Need This Link on its own, in between the two verses. The poem flows very well until it gets to that line. Nichols separates it and this makes the reader stop and think about what the poet is trying to say. Island Man uses repetition. Nichols uses it to exaggerate the first word and to make the mood of the poem clearer. It works well and it accentuates the dull image that Nichols is trying to paint of London e. g. groggily groggily. These four poems by Grace Nichols are poems that I have found very interesting. They all use ideas about cultural identity and racial difference and this makes the poems very engrossing. Though I have never been in the situation of missing home (Like A Beacon and Island Man) or having to deal with prejudice against my size (The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping), I feel, through reading the poetry that I understand and sympathise greatly with people who have to deal with these things. The poems have given me a greater understanding of the culture of Grace Nichols and I have thoroughly enjoyed reading and working on them.

Profile of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal

Profile of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal Portugal is a country that has no coast along the Mediterranean Sea, only the Atlantic Ocean, so the countrys advances in worldwide exploration centuries ago may come as no surprise. That said, it was the passion and goals of one man who truly moved Portuguese exploration forward, the man known as Prince Henry the Navigator (1394–1460). Formally, he was Henrique, duque de Viseu, senhor da Covilh. Fast Facts: Prince Henry the Navigator Known For:  He founded an institute for explorers, and people from around the world visited to learn about the latest discoveries in geography and navigation technology.Born:  1394 in Porto, PortugalParents:  King John I of Portugal, Philippa of Lancaster, of EnglandDied:  1460 in Sagres, PortugalSpouse: NoneChildren: None Although Prince Henry never sailed on any of his expeditions and rarely left Portugal, he became known as Prince Henry the Navigator because of his patronage of explorers, who increased the worlds known geographic information through the sharing of knowledge and by sending expeditions to places previously uncharted. Early Life Prince Henry was born in 1394 as the third son of King John I (King Joao I) of Portugal. At the age of 21, in 1415, Prince Henry commanded a military force that captured the Muslim outpost of Ceuta, located on the south side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the northern tip of the African continent and bordering Morocco. It became Portugals first overseas territory. On this expedition, the prince learned about gold routes and became fascinated with Africa. The Institute at Sagres Three years later, Prince Henry founded his navigational institute at Sagres on the southwestern-most point of Portugal, Cape Saint Vincent- a place ancient geographers referred to as the western edge of the earth. The institute, best described as a 15th-century research and development facility, included libraries, an astronomical observatory, shipbuilding facilities, a chapel, and housing for staff. The institute was designed to teach navigational techniques to Portuguese sailors, to collect and disseminate geographical information about the world, to invent and improve navigational and seafaring equipment, and to sponsor expeditions. Prince Henrys school brought together some of the leading geographers, cartographers, astronomers, and mathematicians from throughout Europe to work at the institute. When people returned from voyages, they brought back with them information about currents, winds- and could improve existing maps and seafaring equipment. A new type of ship, called a caravel, was developed at Sagres. It was fast and was much more maneuverable than prior types of boats, and though they were small, they were quite functional. Two of Christopher Columbus ships, the Nina and the Pinta, were caravels (the Santa Maria was a carrack). Caravels were dispatched south along the western coast of Africa. Unfortunately, a major obstacle along the African route was Cape Bojador, southeast of the Canary Islands (located in Western Sahara). European sailors were afraid of the cape, for supposedly to its south lay monsters and insurmountable evils. It also hosted some challenging seas: tough waves, currents, shallows, and weather. Expeditions: Goals and Reasons Prince Henrys expeditionary goals were to increase navigational knowledge along the western coast of Africa and find a water route to Asia, to increase trade opportunities for Portugal, to find gold to provide the trips own funding, to spread Christianity around the world, and defeat Muslims- and perhaps even to find Prester John, a legendary wealthy priest-king thought to reside somewhere in Africa or Asia. The Mediterranean and other ancient East sea routes were controlled by the Ottoman Turks and Venetians, and the breakup of the Mongol Empire made some known land routes unsafe. Thus came the motivation to find new water routes heading East. Exploring Africa Prince Henry sent 15 expeditions to navigate south of the cape from 1424 to 1434, but each returned with its captain giving excuses and apologies for not having passed the dreaded Cape Bojador. Finally, in 1434 Prince Henry sent Captain Gil Eannes (who had previously attempted the Cape Bojador voyage) south; this time, Captain Eannes sailed to the west prior to reaching the cape and then headed eastward after passing the cape. Thus, none of his crew saw the dreadful cape, and it had been successfully passed, without catastrophe befalling the ship. This was the first European expedition to sail past this point and successfully return. Following the successful navigation south of Cape Bojador, exploration of the African coast continued. In 1441, Prince Henrys caravels reached Cape Blanc (the cape where Mauritania and Western Sahara meet). The expedition brought back some blacks as exhibits of interest to show the prince. One negotiated his and his sons release by promising several slaves upon their safe return home. And so it began. The first 10 slaves arrived in 1442. Then it was 30 in 1443. In 1444, Captain Eannes brought a boatload of 200 slaves back to Portugal. In 1446, Portuguese ships reached the mouth of the Gambia River. They were the first Europeans to sail that, too. In 1460 Prince Henry the Navigator died, but work continued at Sagres under the direction of Henrys nephew, King John II of Portugal. The institutes expeditions continued to venture south, then rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and sailed to the east and throughout Asia over the next few decades. The European Age of Discovery and Its Aftereffects The 100-year period from the mid-15th century to the mid-16th is called the European Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration, when Portugal, Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and France sent out voyages to previously unknown lands and claim their resources for their country. The cheapest labor to work on plantations for crops such as sugar, tobacco, or cotton were slaves, brought on a triangular trade route, one brutal leg of which was known as the middle passage. Countries that are former colonies still suffer the aftereffects today, especially in Africa, where there is poor or inconsistent infrastructure in many areas. Some of the countries just gained their independence in the 20th century. Sources Dowling, Mike. Prince Henry the Navigator. MrDowling.com. https://www.mrdowling.com/609-henry.html.â€Å"Henry the Navigator.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 16 Mar. 2018, www.biography.com/people/henry-the-navigator.Henry the Navigator.  Encyclopedia of World Biography.  Encyclopedia.com.  https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/spanish-and-portuguese-history-biographies/henry-navigator.Henry the Navigator Facts. YourDictionary.com. http://biography.yourdictionary.com/henry-the-navigator.History. Sagres.net. Allgarve, Promo Sangres, and Municipia do Bispo. sagres.net/history.htm.Nowell, Charles E., and Felipe Fernandez-Armesto. â€Å"Henry the Navigator.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 12 Nov. 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-the-Navigator.The Portuguese Role in Exploring and Mapping the New World. Library of Congress. loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/role.html.Prince Henry the Navigator. PBS. https://www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part1/1p259.html.

Criminal Procedure Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Procedure Assignment - Essay Example Effectively, the decision overruled the previous distinction in Chadwick-Sanders that held such a search of containers in automobiles required a warrant even if there was probable cause for the search. In U.S.A vs. Chadwick 433 U.S. 1 (1977), it was held that in the absence of exigency, searching double-locked luggage inside an automobile is not justified and violates the Fourth Amendment rights. Here, it was explained that luggage may be movable just like the automobile but is not subjected to lesser privacy expectations associated with the automobile. Therefore, the police cannot search personal effects that they confiscate during an arrest if they do not have a warrant to perform the search. In U.S.A vs. Johnson 457 U.S. 537 (1982), the defendant claimed that his written and oral confessions were the results of an unlawful arrest that could not be supported by probable cause. However, it was held that the warrantless arrest of Johnson in his home did not violate his Fourth Amendme nt rights because there was probable cause for the arrest and the confessions admitted as evidence. However, this decision was later overruled after Payton v New York 445 U.S. 573 was decided and it was ruled the respondent’s Fourth Amendment rights were violated. The similarity in the three cases is the issue of warrantless search and presenting the evidence found to the court during prosecution. However, basing on the different facts f the cases, different verdicts were made. Both U.S.A. vs. Acevedo and U.S.A. vs. Johnson held that the police did not require warrants to search the automobile and home respectively. The reasoning is that they had probable cause to believe there was evidence in the automobile and home that would link the suspects to crime. More specifically in U.S.A. vs. Acevedo, the most relevant holding was that the police could search the entire automobile and any closed containers in it.

Save Our Children by Saving Their Music - Case Study of Glynn Co Research Proposal

Save Our Children by Saving Their Music - Case Study of Glynn Co School - Research Proposal Example As I am sure most board members are aware, extensive research has been done on the effects music programs and the fine arts in general have on our children’s success; especially children in low economic households where parents toil to cater for their necessities. I wish to share some of these findings with those who do not have an insight on the essence of the Fine Arts in schools, and offer a few ideas to alleviate some of the budget burdens that may have been overlooked. At the very least let’s start a meaningful conversation. It is essential that a music department be equipped with the proper elements in public relations and music education advocacy in order to gain support from administrators, parents, and the general public. The field of education requires massive support from the community, especially in the arts. Glynn Co Schools house students, teachers, and administrators, being a microcosm of the surrounding community. These schools represent the members of t he community and often give an accurate depiction of the characteristics of the area therefore if it is not an issue important enough for our administrators to get involve why should the public. Public relations are a key area in gaining the support of the general public yet when our band directors worked so diligently to secure a spot in the Cherry Blossom parade in Washington D.C., which only a few in the ENTIRE country were invited, there was barely a mention in the papers and not a word on our radio stations (Costes 52). I wonder if our young athletes worked hard enough to make the state playoffs if that would generate some buzz? Brunswick News heralding the wonders of our coaches as it called for every business to put on their signs â€Å"GO PIRATES†. Yes Pirates, go while our young musicians, who have worked so hard, stay home because no one wants to fund the bus to carry them to perform that which has so tirelessly been taught to them. Let our chorus teacher’s s pend their own money taking students home so those children, whose parents work, can stay after school to practice but let’s not give them the means to showcase the commendable job they have accomplished with these students. How about our Theater Arts teachers? How long has it been since we gave a standing ovation at a rendition of Death of Salesmen or Little Women performed by our children? I am not suggesting that our athletic departments need to be cut or imply that they are less important, only consider and weigh how many children are affected by cuts to the fine arts program verses those that are affected by cuts to the athletics department and adjust the budget accordingly. I am not just talking about the band and chorus, because it follows that I’ve got a horse in the race, I mean all of the fine arts departments. We should all be passionate about this. Think about how many of the great thinkers were and are performers in either Theater or music. Right now there are studies being done on the ill effects football has on NFL players not to mention the law suites. There are exactly ZERO studies being done on the ill effects of band, Theater, or chorus. When looking at gaining public funding and support from our businesses, the Glynn Co Board of Education must understand and indicate to the public important talent building among students and how we must ensure the survival and the success of the fine arts pro